Ch. 33 Supplements
Requirements
Others
- Just like the Piel and Pual stems, the Hiphal and Hophal are closely related and similar in form.
- The latter is the passive of the former.
- In workbook assignments and exams, you only need to indicate it is a participle, except when we deal with the Qal participle, for which you need to specify whether it is an active or a passive participle.
- Beware that the stem vowel for the Hiphil Qatal 3rd person is Hireq Yod, while the stem vowel for the Hiphil Qatal 1st & 2nd person is Pathach.
- This could be easily neglected.
- In the 1st and 2nd person, Lamed always takes a silent shewa.
- Also, except for Hiphil Qatal, all the rest of the conjugations such as the Yiqtol, the imperative, the infinitive, and the participle, the vowel under the performative is almost always pathach (I–Nun and I–Yod verbs are exceptions, see Table 33.8, page 255).
An interesting phenomenon:
- A verb with a I-נ and III-ה has a very interesting phenomenon in both the Qal and Hiphil stems due to assimilation of the I-נ and the apocopation of the III-ה.
The Qal Wayyiqtol 3ms of נטה is וַיֵּט, and the Hiphil Wayyiqtol 3ms of נכה is וַיַּךְ.
- The verb נכה goes through a very similar process, resulting in וַיַּךְ. The only differences are:
- The vowel under the preformative Yod is Pathach, an indication that it is a hiphil verb;
- The Pathach does not lengthen (remember that a closed, accented syllabus prefers, but not necessarily requires, a long vowel).
- We see both verbs in Exod 8:17 [MT 8:13]:
- וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּט֩ אַהֲרֹ֨ן אֶת־יָד֤וֹ בְמַטֵּ֙הוּ֙ וַיַּךְ֙ אֶת־עֲפַ֣ר הָאָ֔רֶץ וַתְּהִי֙ הַכִּנָּ֔ם בָּאָדָ֖ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֑ה כָּל־עֲפַ֥ר הָאָ֛רֶץ הָיָ֥ה כִנִּ֖ים בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃
- [Exod 8:17 And they did so. Aaron stretched out (וַיֵּט) his hand with his staff and struck (וַיַּךְ) the dust of the earth, and there were gnats on man and beast. All the dust of the earth became gnats in all the land of Egypt.]
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Paradigm Practice